Optimal operation of hybrid AC/DC microgrids under uncertainty of renewable energy resources : A comprehensive review

The hybrid AC/DC microgrids have become considerably popular as they are reliable, accessible and robust. They are utilized for solving environmental, economic, operational and power-related political issues. Having this increased necessity taken into consideration, this paper performs a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of hybrid AC/DC microgrids and describes their components. Mathematical models and valid comparisons among different renewable energy sources’ generations are discussed. Subsequently, various operational zones, control and optimization methods, power flow calculations in the presence of uncertainties related to renewable energy resources are reviewed.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

IoT-Based Data-Driven Fault Allocation in Microgrids Using Advanced µPMUs

The ameliorations in high-precision phasor measurement units (μPMUs) and synchrophasor units have accommodated the distribution grid with peculiar visibility. Therefore, investigating the challenges of uncertainty consideration on precise fault detection in microgrids has become a new research milestone. This paper presents an effective data-driven stochastic method that justifies the adoption of only two μPMUs that are communicating under an IoT-based umbrella to detect and allocate irregularities in a microgrid. The proposed method has the ability to operate under a variety of case studies and scenarios including but not limited to the capacitor bank switching, distributed energy resources (DERs) diversity and high impedance fault occurrence, whilst considering the uncertainty in load, without installing individual sensors. Furthermore, a two-point estimate approach is utilized to model the uncertainties of the problem. Not only does the proposed stochastic framework benefit from the voltage magnitude measurement, but it also utilizes its angle in event allocation, which manifests better performance compared to ordinary voltage and current sensors. The simulation results on the proposed microgrid indicate the high accuracy and a sound success is obtained under a variety of case studies. The results show the high accuracy and applicable aspect of the proposed data-driven approach for fault allocation using a few μPMUs in the IoT context.©2021 Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY–NC–ND 4.0) license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Public policies for cyber security of sustainable dominated renewable smart grids

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine cyber security issues related to smart grids (SGs), such as prior cyber‐attacks, possible vulnerability issues, and enhanced cyber‐security procedures for SGs on a technical and management basis. When designing public policies for SGs, it is important to consider both the motivations and obstacles to cyber protection and socio‐economic conditions. Furthermore, the importance of suggested policies is viewed from various perspectives. The present paper provides an assessment of a group of policies specified by various stakeholders as having the potential for developing SG cyber security. The methodology for the formation of such a group of policies includes a perfect examination of global experience and meetings with experts from various fields. Subsequently, such policies are evaluated using a Delphi questionnaire aimed at assessing their advantages in pursuing investment goals for cyber security. The first result is that every policy is considered a positive effect of all goals, different in the priority assigned to each of them. The policies that received the most attention were: “regulatory changes policy to foster innovation in cyber security of SGs,” “regulation of new business models to improve cyber security and detect malicious attacks” and “establish a cyber‐security governance strategy.